Showing posts with label american history. Show all posts
Showing posts with label american history. Show all posts

Sunday, January 1, 2012

Leadership Lessons From Ronald Reagan


Numerous lessons on leadership can be found in reading the chapters on Ronald Reagan in James T. Patterson’s fine survey of American history from Watergate to Bush v. Gore titled Restless Giants.  Regardless of politics, or any policy decision that was made, Ronald Reagan’s presidency provides 5 key leadership lessons to anyone looking to study traits and practices of effective leaders.

People Feed Off of Your Optimism: Reagan entered office during difficult times when confidence in American capacity was at a low point.  His perpetually optimistic message about the ability of Americans and future prosperity, and his continuous talk of Americans having what it takes to reach limitless prospects resonated with the people.  Reagan’s optimism and vision for the future earned him the faith and trust of the country. (Page 152-153)

Never Waste an Opportunity to Communicate Your Message: Reagan was a meticulous planner when it came to speaking.  He wanted maximum effectiveness in all of his speeches, therefore he typically prepped to the point of not needing notes.  Speaker of the House Tip O’Neill, a political opponent, called Reagan the best public speaker he’s ever seen. The leader of any organization must use their ability to speak in front a crowd to maximize every opportunity they get.  While some are more gifted public speakers than others, leaders must be prepared to the max in order to guarantee that they perform to the absolute best of their ability. (Page 153)

Focus on Your Priorities: Reagan zeroed in on his priorities, and spent his time and energy on those select few initiatives.  Unlike President Carter, Reagan wanted his work focused on what mattered most to his administration and, in his view, the country. It’s very easy for leaders to spread themselves and their teams very thin with a barrage of programs and initiatives. Focus on what matters, and strive for quality over quantity. (Page 154)

Perception is Reality: Polls and studies indicate that the public’s faith in the capacity of the government increased during Reagan’s administration.  It is crucial for leaders in any situation to do what it takes to earn trust through competence and results.  Your policies, actions, and communication must not only improve operations and stimulate change, but also must build your own leadership capital. Your performance must increase people’s faith the capacity and capability of your position as a whole. (Page 168)

Research & Develop: Just as foreign car companies surged ahead of American companies in the 1970s with superior research and development, Reagan’s Strategic Defense Initiative, while never fulfilled, forced the Soviet Union to begin bargaining their way out of the Cold War, which ended under Reagan’s watch.  His doubling down on developing and researching for the future is what cemented the fulfillment of his foreign policy agenda.  Leaders in any context must go beyond current situations and problems, and look to the products and innovations needed for future excellence.  Time must be spent collaborating and discussing future needs and potential problems in order to cultivate long term success.  Where anyone currently is is far less important to where they are heading.  (Page 216)

Tuesday, December 27, 2011

Actions are Louder

Case studies from history provide aspiring and current leaders alike the opportunity to reflect on what works and what does not when attempting to gain the trust of those whose following one seeks.  Examining the presidential election of 1976 and Gerald Ford's unique situation shows any "leader" that actions and decisions communicate values and competency a lot more effectively than words. Below is an excerpt from an essay I wrote for a Master's program in American History...

Gerald Ford faced remarkably difficult circumstances in running for President in 1976.  His assumption to the presidency under unfortunate and unique circumstances following Agnew’s and Nixon’s resignations combined with controversial domestic and foreign policy decisions provided numerous obstacles, as did his poor relationship with Congress.[1]  But, what especially plagued Ford’s hopes of being elected President was the public’s lack of faith in his ability as the chief executive of the United States.  From his handling of the economy to his golf game, there was general skepticism about his ability to be presidential.[2]  Ironically chosen to replace Spiro Agnew because of his lack of assumed presidential ability, Ford began his campaign to be elected to a position he already held on the defense.[3
On the eve of the February 24, 1976 primary contest in New Hampshire, New York Magazine’s Richard Reeves details Ford’s first official campaign event and echoes the description of Ford’s unusual situation provided by James Patterson.  Reeves cites a February 8 poll in the Boston Globe in which only twenty two percent of 849 Republican or Republican leaning respondents described Ford as “very intelligent, smart,” and makes a point to use quotation marks every time he describes Ford as presidential.[4] He notes that while most people at the event seemed to like “Jerry,” he was not sure that many of them actually thought that he should be president.  When writing about Ford’s conversations and demeanor on the campaign trail, Reeves’ analysis is that Ford was trying to prove competence and an ability to handle the job that he already had.[5] Even when giving Ford credit for having strong individual performances, Reeves is extremely critical of Ford’s staff, giving Dick Cheney and the rest of Ford’s team credit for a combined thirty minutes of national campaign experience. 
             The reflections on Ford’s campaign as it was happening mirror Patterson’s assessment that Ford was likable and “meant well.”[6]  He wished his legacy would be that of a healer, and Reeves notes his conciliatory demeanor while campaigning in 1976.[7]  However, Reeves also reflects Patterson’s note that the individual decisions, such as pardoning Richard Nixon, of the Ford administration combined with a general doubt that he should be president left his presidential aspirations a long shot.[8]
            Consulting primary sources such as this provides valuable insights into the media coverage and portrayal of President Ford.  While Patterson surveys the period with depth and analysis, Reeves confirms and expands of the precise concerns Americans had when deciding to grant him a term of his own.  Primary sources such as this allow researchers to catch a glimpse into a given era without the barrier of someone else’s interpretations or bias clouding the situation.  Reading articles such as the piece written by Richard Reeves brings the history to life and allows the researcher to experience the campaign as it was happening.
            The bias of the primary source must be taken into account when using it to make determinations regarding any historical situation, and Reeves clearly had bias against Ford.  Patterson specifically names Reeves when discussing reporters who wrote negatively of Ford, highlighting an instance where Reeves portrayed him as a clown in 1974.[9]  It must also be noted that Reeves wrote for New York Magazine, a city where Ford faced certain unpopularity after the troubles surrounding a financial bail-out of the city.[10]  Relying solely on pieces written by Reeves would obviously paint a very negative picture of Ford, and researchers conducting more extensive studies of the election of 1976 would be advised to utilize a greater balance of sources.  Just as we must analyze the bias of secondary sources and current media outlets, the primary sources we consult must be scrutinized equally.
            Despite the bias, the chosen primary document correlates nicely with Patterson’s analysis of Ford’s campaign.  The same decisions and doubts iterated by Patterson as key obstacles in Ford’s election bid were clearly reiterated when reading Reeves.  Both men note that Gerald Ford, while likable and, at times, on the mark, was never able to convince America that he was qualified to hold the office he was already in.

Bibliography
Patterson, James T. Restless Giant: The United States From Watergate to Bush v
Gore, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. 
Reeves, Richard, “Ford in New Hampshire (He was Good, and Nobody Noticed,) New
York Magazine, February 23, 1976, http://books.google.com/books?id=c-MCAAAAMBAJ&q=gerald+ford#v=snippet&q=gerald%20ford&f=false, (Accessed December 20, 2011)




[1] James T. Patterson, Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush V. Gore (New York, 2005), 96
[2] Ibid, 98
[3] Ibid, 104
[4] Richard Reeves, “Ford in New Hampshire (He was Good, and Nobody Noticed),” New York, Feb. 23, 1975, 32-33
[5] Ibid, 32
[6] Patterson, 92
[7] Ibid, 94
[8] Ibid, 106
[9] Ibid, 93
[10] Ibid, 98